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The ''Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne'' ("Research and Study Group for European Civilization"), also known by its French acronym GRECE (French for "Greece") is an ethnonationalist think-tank, founded in 1968 by the journalist and writer Alain de Benoist. GRECE distinguishes itself from other traditionalist conservative organizations in displaying specific interest for Germanic and Nordic cultures, rejection of Christianity and monotheism, and advocating neopaganism. == History == GRECE was created in January 1968 by forty nationalist activists coming from movements such as ''Europe-Action'', the review and the circle organized around Dominique Venner and Jean Mabire, the ''Federation of Nationalist Students'' (FEN), the ''National Movement of Progress'' (MNP) and the ''Rassemblement européen pour la liberté'' (REL). Alain de Benoist was among the founders, who intended to create an intellectual think-tank to influence French conservative politics. A number of journalists were members or sympathisers of the GRECE, writing in the reviews ''Éléments'' and ''Nouvelle École''. Several GRECE members founded the ''éditions Copernic'' in September 1976, which published writings of authors seen as "precursors", such as Louis Rougier, Oswald Spengler or Julius Evola. GRECE favorized contact with elite circles by organizing conferences and meetings. It also partly funded circles which revolved around itself, such as the Pareto circle at ''Sciences-Po'', the Galilei circle in Dijon, the Jean Médecin circle in Nice, the Henry de Montherlant circle in Bordeaux, CLOSOR (''Comité de liaison des officiers et sous-officiers de réserve'', a military circle), GENE (''Groupe d'études pour une nouvelle éducation'', Study Group For a New Education), etc. GRECE members entered in ''Valeurs Actuelles'' and ''Le Spectacle du monde'', French magazines owned by Raymond Bourgine, a conservative reporter and politician. Several members of GRECE, including Benoist himself, joined the redaction of the ''Le Figaro Magazine'', created in 1978 by Louis Pauwels, who had just arrived at the head of this magazine produced by the conservative newspaper ''Le Figaro'' and was the chief of ''Le Figaros cultural pages. Louis Pauwels invited Patrice de Plunkett (who was named vice-editor), Jean-Claude Valla, Yves Christen, Christian Durante, Michel Marmin, Grégory Pons, who were all members of GRECE. GRECE maintained its strong influence on ''Le Figaro Magazine'' until 1981. It claims that it had close to 4,000 members at the end of the 1970s, although this number is probably overestimated.〔See Ghislaine Desbuissons, ''La "Nouvelle Droite" (1968-1974). Contribution à l'étude des idées de droite en France'', thèse de doctorat en sciences politiques, IEP de Grenoble, 1984. 〕 GRECE and the Club de l'Horloge were targets of a hostile press campaign in 1979, denouncing the resurgence of a "new far right" elements in the cluster of the French New Right (''Nouvelle Droite''). GRECE and the Club de l'Horloge, though, had different aims, and few members in common, though the president of the Club de l'Horloge, Yvan Blot, was a member of GRECE for some time. The ''Nouvelle Droite'' was targeted later on, by newspapers including ''Le Monde'', the satirical publication ''Le Canard Enchaîné'' and ''Libération''. In 1980 Pierre Krebs founded the Thule Seminar in Germany, essentially as the German branch of GRECE. In the 1980s, Benoist notably displayed an interest in Third World countries, but he also professed anti-liberal and anti-American ideas. Several notable members quit GRECE at this point, notably Pierre Vial, who joined the Front national, and Guillaume Faye, who pursued a career in journalism before coming back to politics in 1998, with radical ideas clashing with the more consensual theses now defended by Benoist. In spite of these resignations, most members do not have a high opinion of the Front National, which contains Catholic traditionalists whose views are incompatible with the pagan intellectuals of the GRECE. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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